Search Engine Optimization
Title Tag
بهترین آموزش های گرافیک
Length: 23 character(s)
Length: 23 character(s)
Ideally, your title tag should contain between 10 and 70 characters (spaces included).
Make sure your title is explicit and contains your most important keywords.
Be sure that each page has a unique title.
Make sure your title is explicit and contains your most important keywords.
Be sure that each page has a unique title.
Meta Description
مرجع تخصصی سینماچهاربعدی و افترافکت و فتوشاپ
Length: 44 character(s)
Length: 44 character(s)
Meta descriptions contains between 100 and 300 characters (spaces included).
It allow you to influence how your web pages are described and displayed in search results.
Ensure that all of your web pages have a unique meta description that is explicit and contains your most important keywords (these appear in bold when they match part or all of the user's search query).
A good meta description acts as an organic advertisement, so use enticing messaging with a clear call to action to maximize click-through rate.
It allow you to influence how your web pages are described and displayed in search results.
Ensure that all of your web pages have a unique meta description that is explicit and contains your most important keywords (these appear in bold when they match part or all of the user's search query).
A good meta description acts as an organic advertisement, so use enticing messaging with a clear call to action to maximize click-through rate.
Meta Keywords
آموزش سینماچهاربعدی,آموزش افترافکت,آموزش فتوشاپ,انیمیشن,دانلود آموزش گرافیک,دانلود آموزش سینماچهاربعدی,دانلود آموزش افترافکت,دانلود آموزش فتوشاپ,بهترین آموزش انیمیشن,حسین گودرزی,video-graphic,cinema 4d,after effect,cinema 4dfree download tutorial,free download tutorial after effect,free download tutorial photoshop,free download tutorial for cinema 4d,free download tutorial for after effect,free download tutorial for photoshop,free download plugin for cinema 4d,free download plugin for after effect,free download plugin for photoshop,3d model,free,free download tutorials,Hossein Goudarzi,Mohsen,ویدئوگرافیک,Videos tagged,Vimeo,Greyscalegorilla,دانلود آموزش cinema 4d,آموزش فارسی نرم افزار Cinema 4d,مکسون برای دانشجویان,طراحی حرفه‌ای سه‌بعدی با Cinema 4D R13,Maya,۳Ds Max,نسخه‌ی R13,Motion,Effects,Best training video,دانلود نرم افزار Adobe After Effects CS6,دانلود نرم افزار سینماچهاربعدی R14,دانلود نرم افزار سینماچهاربعدی R13,آموزش نوشتن متن سه بعدی با سینماچهاربعدی,بهترین های گرافیک,HDRI Studio Training Videos,FREE PREMIUMS,free download Digital - Tutors - Creature Creation in CINEMA 4D with,free download,Digital Tutors - Sculpting Workflows In CINEMA 4D,فروشگاه آفتاب,فروشگاه اینترنتی,فروشگاه گرافیک,گرافیک آموزشی,جلوه های ویژه,بزرگترین فروشگاه محصولات گرافیک,انیمشن,پی اس دی لایه باز,بزرگترین,فروشگاه گرافیک اینترنتی ایران,آموزش تبدیل ماشین به روبات,آموزش نرم افزار Nuke,بزرگترین پکیج آموزش مایا- 150 عدد سی دی آموزشی,مجموعه بی نظیر Sound FX 1 Digital Juice,آموزش Photoshop,آموزش ZBrush,آموزش Cinema4D,آموزش 3D max,آموزش After Effect,آموزش Digital Painting,آموزش VUE,پلاگین افترافکت,مجموعه پروژه های افتر افکت,آموزش Houdini,آموزش Flash,مجموعه های عکس,مجموعه فایل های PSD,مجموعه Texture & Material,آموزش عکاسی,آموزش تصویر برداری,آموزش XSI,آموزش Maya,آموزش MudBox,مجموعه های Master Classes,مجموعه های صوتی SoundFX,آموزش Apple Shake,فروشگاه آنلاین گرافیک,فروشگاه آنلاین انیمیشن,فروشگاه آنلاین گرافیک و انیمیشن,فروشگاه آنلاین موبایل,فروشگاه آنلاین تریدی مکس,فروشگاه آنلاین سینماچهاربعدی,فروشگاه آنلاین سینمافوردی,فروشگاه آنلاین گرافیک و کارتون,بهترین فروشگاه آنلاین گرافیک و انیمیشن,بهترین فروشگاه اینترنتی گرافیک و انیمیشن,دانلود پلاگین turbulence fd برای سینماچهاربعدی,دانلود پلاگین turbulence fd,دانلود پلاگینturbulence 4d,دانلود پلاگین برای سینماچهاربعدی,دانلود پلاگین برای سینمافوردی,دانلود پلاگین برای cinema 4d,دانلود پلاگین برای,cinema 4d r11,دانلود پلاگین برای cinema 4d r12,دانلود پلاگین برای cinema 4d r13,دانلود پلاگین برای cinema 4d r14,متن سه بعدی با افترافکت,آموزش نوشتن متن سه بعدی در فتوشاپ cs6,آموزش رندر .mp4,آموزش رندر گیری با ویری,آموزش نوشتن سه بعدی فتوشاپ,اموزش برنامه adobe after,اموزش گرافیتی تگ,بهترین آموزش افتر افکت,بهترین آموزش های فتوشاپ وگرافیک,بهترین اموزش های 3d,حداقل سیستم مورد نیاز برای adobe after,اموزش رندر,blog.ir,mihanblog.com,بهترین فروشگاه اینترنتی,گرافیک شاپ,انیمیشن شاپ,سان شاپ,دانلود آموزش,دانلود سینمافوردی,دانلود سینماچهاربعدی بالینک مستقیم,دانلود سینماچهاربعدی 14 بالینک مستقیم,دانلود سینمافوردی 14 بالینک مستقیم,video effect,videoeffect,videoeffect.ir,ویدئو افکت,ویدئوافکت,http://www.video-effects.ir/,Motion Graphics,Light In Element 3d,آموزش مقدماتی در مورد ابزار های نرم افزار حرفه ای مایا,آموزش کامپوزیت در نرم افزار Cinema 4d,فیلم و تکسچر آماده,خرید محصول فیلم و تکسچر آماده,سورس های آماده دود,آتش,آب و …,درخواست آموزش,وارد کردن کاراکتر از مایا به سینماچهاربعدی,وارد کردن کاراکتر از مایا به سینمافوردی,وارد کردن کاراکتر از maya به cinema 4d,وارد کردن پروژه از maya به cinema 4d,سینما چهار بعدی,سینماچهار بعدی,سینما چهاربعدی,یسنما فور دی,video graphic,مدل دایناسور,درخواست مدل,خرید آموزش,طراحی تیزر,طراحی تیزر تبلیغاتی,طراحی تیزر برای سایت,طراحی تیزربرای تلویزیون,طراحی تیزر یرای مغازه,طراحی تیزر کارت ویزیت,طراحی کارت ویزیت,طراحی بنر,طراحی بنر فلش,طراحی بنر سایت,طراحی بنر وبلاگ,ساخت تیزر,ساخت کیلیپ تبلیغاتی,آموزش آنلاین گرافیک,آموزش آنلاین سینماچهاربعدی,آموزش آنلاین فتوشاپ,آموزش آنلاین انیمیشن,اکانت دانلود رایگان 100mb برای دوستان ویدئو گرافیک,انجمن تخصصی سینماچهاربعدی,طراحی تبلیغات,طراحی لوگو,طراحی مهر,طراحی آرم,سفارش انواع طراحی,حسین دیزاین,Hossein Diesign,در خواست آموزش سینمافوردی,آموزش مبتدی سینمافوردی,دانلود آموزش های,دانلود آموزش افترافکت جدید,دانلود آموزش فتوشاپ جدید,آموزش های جدید,دانلود انواع پلاگین ها سینمافوردی,دانلود انواع پلاگین ها سینماچهاربعدی,دانلود انواع پلاگین ها cinema 4d,plugin for after effect cs6,plugin for cinema 4d r14,سینما فوردی,سینما فور دی,Maxwell Renderer,c4d plugin,Render Elements,iranavatar,سایت ویدئوگرافیک,سایت ویدئو گرافیک,دانلود آموزش فتوشاپ 2013,وی جی دیزاین,vg-design,vg design,vg_design,vg-design.blog.ir,مرجع تخصصی سینماچهاربعدی و افترافکت و فتوشاپ,دانلود cinema 4d r15,free download cinema 4d r15,دانلود سینمافوردی 15 بالینک مستقیم,دانلود تریدیمکس 2015 با لینک مستقیم,دانلود مایا 2015 با لینک مستقیم,دانلود سینمافوردی 2015 با لینک مستقیم
Meta Keywords are a specific type of meta tag that appear in the HTML code
of a Web page and help tell search engines what the topic of the page is.
However, google can't use meta keywords.
However, google can't use meta keywords.
Headings
| <H1> | <H2> | <H3> | <H4> | <H5> | <H6> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| <H1> بهترین آموزش های گرافیک </H1> |
| <H2> بهترین آموزش های گرافیک </H2> |
| <H2> مرجع تخصصی سینماچهاربعدی و افترافکت و فتوشاپ </H2> |
Use your keywords in the headings and make sure the first level (H1) includes your most important keywords. Never duplicate your title tag content in your header tag.
While it is important to ensure every page has an H1 tag, never include more than one per page. Instead, use multiple H2 - H6 tags.
While it is important to ensure every page has an H1 tag, never include more than one per page. Instead, use multiple H2 - H6 tags.
Google Preview
بهترین آموزش های گرافیک
videographic.blog.ir/
مرجع تخصصی سینماچهاربعدی و افترافکت و فتوشاپ
This is an example of what your Title Tag and Meta Description will look like in Google search results.
While Title Tags & Meta Descriptions are used to build the search result listings, the search engines may create their own if they are missing, not well written, or not relevant to the content on the page.
Title Tags and Meta Descriptions are cut short if they are too long, so it's important to stay within the suggested character limits.
While Title Tags & Meta Descriptions are used to build the search result listings, the search engines may create their own if they are missing, not well written, or not relevant to the content on the page.
Title Tags and Meta Descriptions are cut short if they are too long, so it's important to stay within the suggested character limits.
Alt Attribute
We found 33 images on this web page
2 ALT attributes are empty or missing.
2 ALT attributes are empty or missing.
| //radar.bayan.ir/yMFcfhpaRx5cBIsq/rb.gif?nos&vi=c2a45ad1f2babd53c888558552c1b521&dh=5cb715c84e628fa9a8ef0edfc1051072&refx=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5nb29nbGUuY29tLw== |
| http://www.8pic.ir/images/59810406231538019222.jpg |
Alternative text is used to describe images to give the search engine crawlers (and the visually impaired).
Also, more information to help them understand images, which can help them to appear in Google Images search results.
Also, more information to help them understand images, which can help them to appear in Google Images search results.
Keywords Cloud
- آموزش18
- نرم13
- افزار11
- videographic10
- در10
- suite9
- های8
- پلاگین8
- دانلود7
- با6
- coreldraw5
- graphics5
- واقعی4
- یک4
- painter3
This Keyword Cloud provides an insight into the frequency of keyword usage within the page.
It's important to carry out keyword research to get an understanding of the keywords that your audience is using. There are a number of keyword research tools available online to help you choose which keywords to target.
It's important to carry out keyword research to get an understanding of the keywords that your audience is using. There are a number of keyword research tools available online to help you choose which keywords to target.
Keyword Consistency
This table highlights the importance of being consistent with your use of keywords.
To improve the chance of ranking well in search results for a specific keyword, make sure you include it in some or all of the following: page URL, page content, title tag, meta description, header tags, image alt attributes, internal link anchor text and backlink anchor text.
To improve the chance of ranking well in search results for a specific keyword, make sure you include it in some or all of the following: page URL, page content, title tag, meta description, header tags, image alt attributes, internal link anchor text and backlink anchor text.
Text/HTML Ratio
HTML to Text Ratio is: 9.66%
| Text content size | 5756 bytes |
| Total HTML size | 59599 bytes |
Code to text ratio represents the percentage of actual text on a web page compared to the percentage of
HTML code, and it is used by search engines to calculate the relevancy of a web page.
A higher code to text ratio will increase your chances of getting a better rank in search engine results.
A higher code to text ratio will increase your chances of getting a better rank in search engine results.
GZIP compression
Wow! It's GZIP Enabled.
Your webpage is compressed from 58 KB to 10 KB (82.7 % size savings)
Your webpage is compressed from 58 KB to 10 KB (82.7 % size savings)
Gzip is a method of compressing files (making them smaller) for faster network transfers.
It allows to reduce the size of web pages and any other typical web files to about 30% or less of its original size before it transfer.
It allows to reduce the size of web pages and any other typical web files to about 30% or less of its original size before it transfer.
WWW Resolve
Great, a redirect is in place to redirect traffic from your non-preferred domain.
Redirecting requests from a non-preferred domain is important because search engines consider URLs with and without "www" as two different websites.
IP Canonicalization
No your domain IP 91.98.29.219 does not redirect to videographic.blog.ir
To check this for your website, enter your IP address in the browser and see if your site loads with the IP address.
Ideally, the IP should redirect to your website's URL or to a page from your website hosting provider.
If it does not redirect, you should do an htaccess 301 redirect to make sure the IP does not get indexed.
Ideally, the IP should redirect to your website's URL or to a page from your website hosting provider.
If it does not redirect, you should do an htaccess 301 redirect to make sure the IP does not get indexed.
XML Sitemap
A sitemap lists URLs that are available for crawling and can include additional information like your site's latest updates, frequency of changes and importance of the URLs. This allows search engines to crawl the site more intelligently.
We recommend that you generate an XML sitemap for your website and submit it to both Google Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools. It is also good practice to specify your sitemap's location in your robots.txt file.
We recommend that you generate an XML sitemap for your website and submit it to both Google Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools. It is also good practice to specify your sitemap's location in your robots.txt file.
Robots.txt
A robots.txt file allows you to restrict the access of search engine robots that crawl the web and it can prevent these robots from accessing specific directories and pages. It also specifies where the XML sitemap file is located.
You can check for errors in your robots.txt file using Google Search Console (formerly Webmaster Tools) by selecting 'Robots.txt Tester' under 'Crawl'. This also allows you to test individual pages to make sure that Googlebot has the appropriate access.
You can check for errors in your robots.txt file using Google Search Console (formerly Webmaster Tools) by selecting 'Robots.txt Tester' under 'Crawl'. This also allows you to test individual pages to make sure that Googlebot has the appropriate access.
URL Rewrite
Good, all URLs look clean and friendly
Your site's URLs contain unnecessary elements that make them look complicated.
A URL must be easy to read and remember for users. Search engines need URLs to be clean and include your page's most important keywords.
Clean URLs are also useful when shared on social media as they explain the page's content.
A URL must be easy to read and remember for users. Search engines need URLs to be clean and include your page's most important keywords.
Clean URLs are also useful when shared on social media as they explain the page's content.
Underscores in the URLs
Oh no, you are using underscores (these_are_underscores) in your URLs
Great, you are not using ?underscores (these_are_underscores) in your URLs.
While Google treats hyphens as word separators, it does not for underscores.
While Google treats hyphens as word separators, it does not for underscores.
Embedded Objects
Perfect, no embedded objects has been detected on this page
Embedded Objects such as Flash. It should only be used for specific enhancements.
Although Flash content often looks nicer, it cannot be properly indexed by search engines.
Avoid full Flash websites to maximize SEO.
Although Flash content often looks nicer, it cannot be properly indexed by search engines.
Avoid full Flash websites to maximize SEO.
Iframe
Perfect, no Iframe content has been detected on this page
Frames can cause problems on your web page because search engines will not crawl or index the content within them.
Avoid frames whenever possible and use a NoFrames tag if you must use them.
Avoid frames whenever possible and use a NoFrames tag if you must use them.
Domain Registration
Exactly how many years and months
Domain Age: Not Available
Created Date: Not Available
Updated Date: Not Available
Expiry Date: Not Available
Domain age matters to a certain extent and newer domains generally struggle to get indexed and rank high in search results for their first few months (depending on other associated ranking factors). Consider buying a second-hand domain name.
Do you know that you can register your domain for up to 10 years? By doing so, you will show the world that you are serious about your business.
Do you know that you can register your domain for up to 10 years? By doing so, you will show the world that you are serious about your business.
WHOIS Data
WhoIs domain information can help you determine the proper administrator, billing and technical
contact information.
Not available for your domain
contact information.
Not available for your domain
WhoIs domain information can help you determine the proper contact for any domain listed in the Whois database.
A WhoIs lookup identifies the administrator contact information, billing contact and the technical contact for each domain name listing or IP in the WhoIs database.
A WhoIs lookup identifies the administrator contact information, billing contact and the technical contact for each domain name listing or IP in the WhoIs database.
Indexed Pages
Indexed pages in search engines
This is the number of pages that we have discovered on your website.
A low number can indicate that bots are unable to discover your webpages, which is a common cause of a bad site architecture & internal linking, or you're unknowingly preventing bots and search engines from crawling & indexing your pages.
A low number can indicate that bots are unable to discover your webpages, which is a common cause of a bad site architecture & internal linking, or you're unknowingly preventing bots and search engines from crawling & indexing your pages.
Backlinks Counter
Number of backlinks to your website
Backlinks are links that point to your website from other websites. They are like letters of recommendation for your site.
Since this factor is crucial to SEO, you should have a strategy to improve the quantity and quality of backlinks.
Since this factor is crucial to SEO, you should have a strategy to improve the quantity and quality of backlinks.
Usability
URL
http://videographic.blog.ir
Length: 12 characters
Length: 12 characters
Keep your URLs short and avoid long domain names when possible.
A descriptive URL is better recognized by search engines.
A user should be able to look at the address bar and make an accurate guess about the content of the page before reaching it (e.g., http://www.mysite.com/en/products).
A descriptive URL is better recognized by search engines.
A user should be able to look at the address bar and make an accurate guess about the content of the page before reaching it (e.g., http://www.mysite.com/en/products).
Favicon
Favicons improve a brand's visibility.
As a favicon is especially important for users bookmarking your website, make sure it is consistent with your brand.
As a favicon is especially important for users bookmarking your website, make sure it is consistent with your brand.
Custom 404 Page
Great, your website has a custom 404 error page.
When a visitor encounters a 404 File Not Found error on your site, you're on the verge of losing the visitor that you've worked so hard to obtain through the search engines and third party links.
Creating your custom 404 error page allows you to minimize the number of visitors lost that way.
Creating your custom 404 error page allows you to minimize the number of visitors lost that way.
Page Size
58 KB (World Wide Web average is 320 Kb)
Two of the main reasons for an increase in page size are images and JavaScript files.
Page size affects the speed of your website; try to keep your page size below 2 Mb.
Tip: Use images with a small size and optimize their download with gzip.
Page size affects the speed of your website; try to keep your page size below 2 Mb.
Tip: Use images with a small size and optimize their download with gzip.
Load Time
0.55 second(s)
Site speed is an important factor for ranking high in Google search results and enriching the user experience.
Resources: Check out Google's developer tutorials for tips on how to to make your website run faster.
Resources: Check out Google's developer tutorials for tips on how to to make your website run faster.
PageSpeed Insights (Desktop)
92 / 100
Page Speed
Videographic.blog.ir desktop website speed is fast. Page speed is important for both search engines and visitors end.
Enter your suggestion box message
Language
Oh no, you have not declared your language
Declared Language: Unknown
Declared Language: Unknown
Make sure your declared language is the same as the language detected by Google
Also, define the language of the content in each page's HTML code.
Also, define the language of the content in each page's HTML code.
Domain Availability
| Domains (TLD) | Status |
|---|---|
| videographic.com | Already Registered |
| videographic.net | Already Registered |
| videographic.org | Already Registered |
| videographic.biz | Already Registered |
| videographic.us | Already Registered |
Register the various extensions of your domain to protect your brand from cybersquatters.
Typo Availability
| Domains (TLD) | Status |
|---|---|
| ideographic.ir | Available |
| cideographic.ir | Available |
| dideographic.ir | Available |
| fideographic.ir | Available |
| gideographic.ir | Available |
Register the various typos of your domain to protect your brand from cybersquatters.
Email Privacy
Good, no email address has been found in plain text.
We don't recommend adding plain text/linked email addresses to your webpages.
As malicious bots scrape the web in search of email addresses to spam. Instead, consider using a contact form.
As malicious bots scrape the web in search of email addresses to spam. Instead, consider using a contact form.
Safe Browsing
The website is not blacklisted and looks safe to use.
Safe Browsing to identify unsafe websites and notify users and webmasters so they can protect themselves from harm.
Mobile
Mobile View
The number of people using the Mobile Web is huge; over 75 percent of consumers have access to smartphones. ??
Your website should look nice on the most popular mobile devices.
Tip: Use an analytics tool to track mobile usage of your website.
Your website should look nice on the most popular mobile devices.
Tip: Use an analytics tool to track mobile usage of your website.
Mobile Compatibility
Perfect, no embedded objects detected.
Embedded Objects such as Flash, Silverlight or Java. It should only be used for specific enhancements.
But avoid using Embedded Objects, so your content can be accessed on all devices.
But avoid using Embedded Objects, so your content can be accessed on all devices.
Technologies
Server IP
| Server IP | Server Location | Service Provider |
|---|---|---|
| 91.98.29.219 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | Pars Online PJS |
Your server's IP address has little impact on your SEO. Nevertheless, try to host your website on a server which is geographically close to your visitors.
Search engines take the geolocation of a server into account as well as the server speed.
Search engines take the geolocation of a server into account as well as the server speed.
Analytics
Perfect, We detect an analytics tool installed on this website.
Web analytics let you measure visitor activity on your website.
You should have at least one analytics tool installed, but It can also be good to install a second in order to cross-check the data.
You should have at least one analytics tool installed, but It can also be good to install a second in order to cross-check the data.
W3C Validity
W3C not validated
W3Cis a consortium that sets web standards.
Using valid markup that contains no errors is important because syntax errors can make your page difficult for search engines to index. Run the W3C validation service whenever changes are made to your website's code.
Using valid markup that contains no errors is important because syntax errors can make your page difficult for search engines to index. Run the W3C validation service whenever changes are made to your website's code.
Doc Type
Your Web Page doctype is HTML 5
The Doctype is used to instruct web browsers about the document type being used.
For example, what version of HTML the page is written in.
Declaring a doctype helps web browsers to render content correctly.
For example, what version of HTML the page is written in.
Declaring a doctype helps web browsers to render content correctly.
Encoding
Great, language/character encoding is specified: UTF-8
Specifying language/character encoding can prevent problems with the rendering of special characters.
Visitors
Estimated Worth
$60 USD
Just a estimated worth of your website based on Alexa Rank.
Traffic Rank
No Global Rank
A low rank means that your website gets a lot of visitors.
Your Alexa Rank is a good estimate of the worldwide traffic to your website, although it is not 100 percent accurate.
Your Alexa Rank is a good estimate of the worldwide traffic to your website, although it is not 100 percent accurate.
Link Analysis
In-Page Links
We found a total of 125 links including both internal & external links of your site
| Anchor | Type | Follow |
|---|---|---|
| بهترین آموزش های گرافیک | Internal Links | Dofollow |
| http://videographic.blog.ir/rss/ | Internal Links | Dofollow |
| سینماچهاربعدی | Internal Links | Dofollow |
| نرم افزار | Internal Links | Dofollow |
| آموزش | Internal Links | Dofollow |
While there's no exact limit to the number of links you should include on a page, best practice is to avoid exceeding 200 links.
Links pass value from one page to another, but the amount of value that can be passed is split between all of the links on a page. This means that adding unnecessary links will dilute the potential value attributed to your other links.
Using the Nofollow attribute prevents value from being passed to the linking page, but it's worth noting that these links are still taken into account when calculating the value that is passed through each link, so Nofollow links can also dilute pagerank.
Links pass value from one page to another, but the amount of value that can be passed is split between all of the links on a page. This means that adding unnecessary links will dilute the potential value attributed to your other links.
Using the Nofollow attribute prevents value from being passed to the linking page, but it's worth noting that these links are still taken into account when calculating the value that is passed through each link, so Nofollow links can also dilute pagerank.
Broken Links
Broken links were found on this web page
| http://videographic.blog.ir/class=%22bayan%22 |
| http://videographic.blog.ir/class=%22bayanbox%22 |
| http://videographic.blog.ir/class=%22blog%22 |
Broken links send users to non-existing web pages. They are bad for your site's usability, reputation and SEO. If you find broken links in the future, take the time to replace or remove each one.
Social
Social Data
Cost and overhead previously rendered this semi-public form of communication unfeasible.
But advances in social networking technology from 2004-2010 has made broader concepts of sharing possible.